From Tool to Partner: School-Based Practice, Theoretical Construction,
and Future Prospects of the "Three-Teacher Classroom" in the AI Era:
A Case Study of Fifteen-Year Exploration at Macau Pui Ching Middle
School
GAO Jinhui
(Macau Pui Ching Middle School, Macao 999078, China）
Abstract: The rise of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) is triggering a profound transformation in the global educational paradigm. Grounded in the "Life-Practice" education philosophy and responding to thestrategic requirements for the integrated development of education, technology, and talent outlined in theOutline of the Plan for Building a Leading Country in Education (2024-2035), this paper proposes andsystematically elaborates on the "Three-Teacher Classroom" as a localized, novel classroom teaching model forthe AI era. This model consists of a synergistic triad: the "Human Teacher (Value Mentor)," the "LitleTeacher (Peer Collaborator)," and the "AI Intelligent Tutor (Cognitive Partner)." It aims to reconstruct teachingrelationships and achieve an organic unity between scaled personalized education and the cultivation ofhigher-order thinking skills. Taking the 15-year technology-empowered education practice of Macau Pui ChingMiddle School as an in-depth case study, this paper empirically explores the theoretical connotation,collaborative mechanisms, practical pathways, and significant effects of the "Three-Teacher Classroom" onstimulating teacher vitality, enhancing students' core competencies, and strengthening the cohesion of theeducational community, through detailed data and scenario analysis. Furthermore, from the perspectives ofphilosophy of technology and educational ethics, the paper reflects on potential risks in human-machinecollaboration, such as the alienation of subjectivity, algorithmic bias, and emotional alienation, proposingboundary-setting principles centered on institutional design and humanistic care. This rescarch argues that the"Three-Teacher Classroom" is not only a creative transformation and innovative development of Tao Xingzhi'seducational thoughts of "integration of teaching, learning, and doing" and the "Litle Teacher System," butalso a vivid practice by Macao educators under the "One Country, Two Systems" framework, serving theconstruction of a leading country in education and exploring a path to smart education with Chinesecharacteristics. It provides a "Chinese approach" and a "Macao case" with both theoretical depth andoperational feasibility for global educational reform in the intelligent age.
Keywords: "Three-Teacher Classroom"; AI in Education; Human-Computer Collaboration; Life-PracticeEducation; Educational Modernization
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